Bastille Day is not a celebration of liberty, fraternity, and equality, but of man's inhumanity to man. Modern society is still suffering the consequences of embracing the French Revolution's absolute freedom. Read Article
Tocquville outlines the various advantages and disadvantages of a democratic government in Democracy in America. An advantage is the ability for the people to participate in government, and a disadvantage is the possibility of the tyranny of the majority. Read Article
An examination of the significance of early American townships in the development of democracy within the American polis. At the root of Tocqueville’s discussion is the principle of the sovereignty of the people, and how this sovereignty firmly takes place within the local townships of the colonies and spreads out into the state. Read Article
An examination of the "point of departure" for American democracy according to Alexis De Tocqueville. This departure is paramount to his overall examination of the American spirit, particularly the relationship between liberty and equality and the relationship of religion to the advancement of democracy's central tenants and principles. Read Article
Early Christian martyrs, especially the Desert Fathers, were revered in much the same way as pagan heros. They serve as examplars for struggling Christians to imitate. Read Article
The Lives of the Saints describes the lives of the heroes of the Christian West. Therefore, they serve as a pedagogical example of how a man ought to live. Read Article
Is gender equality possible in the Ideal City in Plato's Republic? Also, is gender equality best for the city? Is it best for the individual? Read Article
In the Republic, Socrates gives an argument for the inclusion of women in the training of warriors for the Ideal City. Read Article
Tiberius was chosen heir to the Roman Empire by Augustus. Yet, it seems, he had little desire to rule. Instead, he prefered isolation and debauchary. Read Article
Saint Francis founded a religious order that sought to engage the world through love and humility, an alternative to the isolation of the monastics. Read Article
Cola di Rienzo was a Italian leader who attempted, but failed, to unite Italy in the 14th century. Read Article
Eusebius presents the conversion of Constantine as one of divine providence. But perhaps the conversion was a political conversion of convenience? Read Article
The Carthusian Monks saw themselves as warriors every bit as effective as medieval knights and soldiers, fighting not a physical war, but a spiritual one. Read Article
Leonaro Bruni understood a republic to be guided by virtue, for virtue is absolutely necessary for good ruling and good citizenship. Read Article
Procopius' Secret History of the rule of Justinian is filled with wild embellishments which may undermine the authority of his other more serious works. Read Article
The conversion of Constantine permanently altered the Roman attitude towards Christianity. No longer clandenstine, Christianity began to flourish in the West. Read Article